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Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat hidup sendiri tanpa ada interaksi dengan manusia lainnya. Maka, kehadiran tetangga dalam kehidupan sehari-hari seorang muslim sangat dibutuhkan.
Allah Ta’ala berfirman,
وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ
Artinya: “Beribadahlah kepada Allah dan janganlah kamu mempersekutukan-Nya dengan sesuatu apapun. Dan berbuat baiklah kepada dua orang ibu bapak, karib kerabat, anak-anak yatim, orang-orang miskin, tetangga yang dekat dan tetangga yang jauh.” (QS. An Nisa: 36).
Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam juga bersabda,
مَا زَالَ يُوصِينِى جِبْرِيلُ بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ
Artinya: “Jibril senantiasa bewasiat kepadaku agar memuliakan (berbuat baik) kepada tetangga, sampai-sampai aku mengira seseorang akan menjadi ahli waris tetangganya” (HR. Al Bukhari no.6014).
Agama Islam menaruh perhatian yang sangat besar kepada pemeluknya dalam segala hal dan urusan. Mulai dari bangun tidur hingga akan tidur lagi, semua tidak luput dari ajarannya. Tak terkecuali dalam masalah adab. Berikut ini diantara adab-adab seorang muslim kepada tetangganya yang patut kita perhatikan.
Menghormati Tetangga dan Berperilaku Baik Terhadap Mereka
Diriwayatkan oleh sahabat Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu, bahwasanya: Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda,
مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ
Artinya: “Barangsiapa yang beriman kepada Allah dan hari Akhir, maka hendaklah ia memuliakan tetangganya” (Muttafaq ‘alaih).
Berkata Al-Hafizh (yang artinya): “Syaikh Abu Muhammad bin Abi Jamrah mengatakan, ‘Dan terlaksananya wasiat berbuat baik kepada tetangga dengan menyampaikan beberapa bentuk perbuatan baik kepadanya sesuai dengan kemampuan. Seperti hadiah, salam, wajah yang berseri-seri ketika bertemu, memperhatikan keadaannya, membantunya dalam hal yang ia butuhkan dan selainnya, serta menahan sesuatu yang bisa mengganggunya dengan berbagai macam cara, baik secara hissiyyah (terlihat) atau maknawi (tidak terlihat).’” (Fathul Baari: X/456).
Kata tetangga mencangkup tetangga yang muslim dan juga yang kafir, ahli ibadah dan orang fasik, teman dan lawan, orang asing dan penduduk asli, yang memberi manfaat dan yang memberi mudharat, kerabat dekat dan bukan kerabat dekat, rumah yang paling dekat dan paling jauh. Demikian yang dikatakan oleh Ibnu Hajar rahimahullahu dalam al-Fath (X/456).
Bangunan Rumah Kita Jangan Mengganggu Tetangga
Usahakan semaksimal mungkin untuk tidak menghalangi mereka mendapatkan sinar matahari atau udara. Kita juga tidak boleh melampaui batas tanah milik tetangga kita, baik dengan merusak ataupun mengubah, karena hal tersebut dapat menyakiti perasaannya.
Dan termasuk hak-hak bertetangga adalah tidak menghalangi tetangga untuk menancapkan kayu atau meletakkannya di atas dinding untuk membangun kamar atau semisalnya. Sebagaimana telah dijelaskan oleh Rasul kita shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam yang diriwayatkan oleh Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu,
لاَ يَمْنَعْ أَحَدُكُمْ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِى جِدَارِهِ
Artinya: “Janganlah salah seorang di antara kalian melarang tetangganya menancapkan kayu di dinding (tembok)nya” (HR.Bukhari (no.1609); Muslim (no.2463); dan lafazh hadits ini menurut riwayat beliau; Ahmad (no.7236); at-Tirmidzi (no.1353); Abu Dawud (no.3634); Ibnu Majah (no.2335); dan Malik (no.1462)).
Akan tetapi, diperbolehkannya menyandarkan kayu ke dinding tetangga dengan beberapa syarat,
pertama, tidak merusak atau merobohkan dinding tembok;
kedua, dia sangat membutuhkan untuk meletakkan kayu itu di dinding tetangganya;
ketiga, tidak ada cara lain yang memungkinkan untuk membangun selain menyandarkan kepada tembok tetangga.
Apabila salah satu atau sebagian dari ketentuan di atas tidak dipenuhi maka tetangga tidak boleh memanfaatkan bangunan dan menyandarkannya kepada tembok tetangganya karena akan menimbulkan mudharat yang telah terlarang secara syari’at, “Tidak boleh memberi bahaya dan membahayakan orang lain” (HR. Ibnu Majah (no.2340); dan Syaikh Al-Albani menshahihkannya (no.1910,1911)).
Memelihara Hak-hak Tetangga, Terutama Tetangga yang Paling Dekat
Diantara hak tetangga yang harus kita pelihara adalah menjaga harta dan kehormatan mereka dari tangan orang jahat baik saat mereka tidak di rumah maupun di rumah, memberi bantuan kepada mereka yang membutuhkan, serta memalingkan mata dari keluarga mereka yang wanita dan merahasiakan aib mereka.
Adapun tetangga paling dekat memiliki hak-hak yang tidak dimiliki oleh tetangga jauh. Hal ini dikutip dari pertanyaan ibunda ‘Aisyah radhiyallahu ‘anha, ia berkata, “Aku bertanya, ‘Wahai Rasulullah, aku memiliki dua tetangga, manakah yang aku beri hadiah?’ Nabi menjawab,
إِلَى أَقْرَبِهِمَا مِنْكَ باَباً
‘Yang pintunya paling dekat dengan rumahmu’” (HR. Bukhari (no.6020); Ahmad (no.24895); dan Abu Dawud (no.5155)).
Ketika Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam memerintahkan hal tersebut, diketahui bahwa hak tetangga yang paling dekat lebih didahulukan daripada hak tetangga yang jauh. Diantara hikmahnya adalah tetangga dekatlah yang melihat hadiah tersebut atau apa saja yang ada di dalam rumahnya, dan bisa jadi menginginkannya. Lain halnya dengan tetangga jauh. Selain itu, sesungguhnya tetangga yang dekat lebih cepat memberi pertolongan ketika terjadi perkara-perkara penting, terlebih lagi pada waktu-waktu lalai. Demikian penjelasan Al Hafizh dalam Fathul Baari (X/361).
Tidak Mengganggu Tetangga
Seperti mengeraskan suara radio atau TV, melempari halaman mereka dengan kotoran, atau menutupi jalan bagi mereka. Seorang mukmin tidak dihalalkan mengganggu tetangganya dengan berbagai macam gangguan.
Dalam hadits Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu disebutkan adanya larangan dan sikap tegas bagi seseorang yang mengganggu tetangganya. Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alahi wassalam menggandengkan antara iman kepada Allah dan hari Akhir, menunjukkan besarnya bahaya mengganggu tetangga. Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu berkata, “Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda,
مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يُؤْذِ جَارَهُ
Artinya: “Barangsiapa yang beriman kepada Allah dan hari Akhir maka janganlah dia mengganggu tetangganya’”(HR. Bukhari (no.1609); Muslim (no.2463); dan lafazh hadits ini menurut riwayat beliau, Ahmad (no.7236); at-Tirmidzi (no.1353); Abu Dawud (no.3634); Ibnu Majah (no.2335); dan Malik (no.1462)).
Dan dalam Hadits lainnya, Abu Syuraih radhiyallahu ‘anhu meriwayatkan bahwa Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda,
وَاللَّه لَا يُؤْمِنُ وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ قِيلَ وَمَنْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الَّذِي لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَايِقَهُ
Artinya: “Demi Allah, tidak beriman. Demi Allah, tidak beriman. Demi Allah, tidak beriman. “Sahabat bertanya, “Siapa wahai Rasulullah?” Beliau menjawab, “Yang tetangganya tidak aman dari keburukannya” (HR. Bukhari (no.6016)).
Dalam riwayat Abu Hurairah disebutkan bahwa shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda:
لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مَنْ لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ
Artinya: “Tidak masuk surga orang yang tetangganya tidak aman dari keburukannya” (HR. Muslim (no.46); Ahmad (no.8638); Al Bukhari (no.7818)).
Jangan Kikir untuk Memberikan Nasehat dan Saran kepada Mereka
Sudah seharusnya kita mengajak mereka agar berbuat yang ma’ruf dan mencegah yang mungkar dengan bijaksana (hikmah) dan nasehat baik, tanpa maksud menjatuhkan atau menjelek-jelekan mereka. Disebutkan dalam hadits yang diriwayatkan dari Tamim bin Aus Ad Dari radhiyallahu ‘anhu bahwa Nabi shallallahu ‘alahi wassallam bersabda, “Agama itu nasehat.” Kami (para shahabat) bertanya, “Untuk siapa wahai Rasulullah?” Beliau menjawab,
لِلَّهِ وَلِكِتَابِهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلأَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَامَّتِهِمْ
Artinya: “Untuk Allah, Kitab-Nya, rasul-Nya, para pemimpin kaum muslimin dan seluruh kaum muslimin” (HR. Muslim (no.55); Ahmad (no.16493); an-Nasa’I (no.4197); dan Abu Dawud (no.4944)).
Dan nasehat untuk seluruh kaum muslimin adalah termasuk tetangga kita. Tujuannya untuk memberikan kebaikan kepada mereka, termasuk mengajarkan dan memeperkenalkan kepada mereka perkara yang wajib, serta menunjukkan mereka kepada al-haq (kebenaran). Hal ini dijelaskan dalam Kasyful Musykil mim Hadits ash-Shahihain karya Ibnul Jauzi (IV/219).
Memberikan Makanan kepada Tetangga
Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alahi wassalam bersabda kepada Abu Dzar radhiyallahu ‘anhu,
يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِذَا طَبَخْتَ مَرَقَةً فَأَكْثِرْ مَاءَهَا وَتَعَاهَدْ جِيرَانَكَ
Artinya: “Wahai Abu Dzar, apabila kamu memasak sayur (daging kuah) maka perbanyaklah airnya dan berilah tetanggamu” (HR. Muslim). Adapun tetangga yang pintunya lebih dekat dari rumah kita agar lebih didahulukan untuk diberi.
Bergembira ketika Mereka Bergembira dan Berduka ketika Mereka Berduka
Kita jenguk tetangga kita apabila ia sedang sakit, kita tanyakan kehadirannya apabila ia tidak ada, bersikap baik apabila kita menjumpainya, dan hendaknya sesekali kita undang mereka untuk datang ke rumah kita. Hal-hal seperti itu mudah membuat hati mereka luluh dan akan menimbulkan rasa kasih sayang kepada kita. Karena sebaik-baik manusia adalah yang akhlaknya paling baik. Hal ini berdasarkan sabda Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam dan beliaulah manusia yang memiliki akhlak paling terpuji, “Sebaik-baik kalian adalah yang paling baik akhlaknya” (HR. Bukhari (no.6035); Ahmad (no.6468); dan at-Tirmidzi (no.1975)).
Tidak Mencari-cari Kesalahan Tetangga
Hendaknya kita tidak mencari-cari kesalahan tetangga kita. Jangan pula bahagia apabila mereka keliru, bahkan seharusnya kita tidak memandang kekeliruan dan kealpaan mereka.
Sabar Atas Perilaku Kurang Baik Mereka
Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda (yang artinya): “Ada tiga kelompok manusia yang dicintai Allah, … Disebutkan diantaranya: “Seseorang yang mempunyai tetangga, ia selalu disakiti (diganggu) oleh tetangganya, namun ia sabar atas gangguannya itu hingga keduanya dipisah boleh kematian atau keberangkatannya” (HR. Ahmad dan dishahihkan oleh Al-Albani).
Ketika kita berinteraksi dengan manusia, pasti ada suatu kekurangan atau perlakuan yang kurang baik dari sebagian mereka kepada sebagian yang lainnya, baik dengan perkataan maupun perbuatan. Maka orang yang terzhalimi disunnahkan menahan marah dan memaafkan orang yang menzhaliminya. Allah Ta’ala berfirman,
وَالَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ
Artinya: “Dan (bagi) orang-orang yang menjauhi dosa-dosa besar dan perbuatan-perbuatan keji, dan apabila mereka marah mereka memberi maaf” (QS. Asy-Syuura: 37).
Dan juga Allah Ta’ala berfirman,
وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
Artinya:“Dan orang-orang yang menahan amarahnya dan memaafkan (kesalahan) orang lain. Allah menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kebaikan” (QS. Ali ‘Imran:134).
Firman Allah “Dan orang-orang yang menahan amarahnya” yaitu apabila mereka diganggu oleh orang lain sehingga mereka marah dan hati mereka penuh dengan kekesalan yang mengharuskan mereka membalasnya dengan perkataan dan perbuatan, akan tetapi mereka tidak mengamalkan konsekuensi tabi’at manusia tersebut (tidak membalasnya). Bahkan mereka menahan amarah lalu bersabar dan tidak membalas orang yang berbuat jahat kepadanya. Wallahu musta’an
—
Penyusun: Ambarwati D. Rutiana
Muraja’ah: Ustadz Ammi Nur Baits
Maroji’:
1. Terjemahan Kitaabul Adab, karya Fuad bin Abdil Aziz asy-Syalhub
2. Terjemahan Adab al-Muslim fil Yaum wal Lailah, penyusun Departemen Ilmiah Darul Wathan
Sumber:duniasantri26.blogspot.com
Allah Ta’ala berfirman,
وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ
Artinya: “Beribadahlah kepada Allah dan janganlah kamu mempersekutukan-Nya dengan sesuatu apapun. Dan berbuat baiklah kepada dua orang ibu bapak, karib kerabat, anak-anak yatim, orang-orang miskin, tetangga yang dekat dan tetangga yang jauh.” (QS. An Nisa: 36).
Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam juga bersabda,
مَا زَالَ يُوصِينِى جِبْرِيلُ بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ
Artinya: “Jibril senantiasa bewasiat kepadaku agar memuliakan (berbuat baik) kepada tetangga, sampai-sampai aku mengira seseorang akan menjadi ahli waris tetangganya” (HR. Al Bukhari no.6014).
Agama Islam menaruh perhatian yang sangat besar kepada pemeluknya dalam segala hal dan urusan. Mulai dari bangun tidur hingga akan tidur lagi, semua tidak luput dari ajarannya. Tak terkecuali dalam masalah adab. Berikut ini diantara adab-adab seorang muslim kepada tetangganya yang patut kita perhatikan.
Menghormati Tetangga dan Berperilaku Baik Terhadap Mereka
Diriwayatkan oleh sahabat Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu, bahwasanya: Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda,
مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ
Artinya: “Barangsiapa yang beriman kepada Allah dan hari Akhir, maka hendaklah ia memuliakan tetangganya” (Muttafaq ‘alaih).
Berkata Al-Hafizh (yang artinya): “Syaikh Abu Muhammad bin Abi Jamrah mengatakan, ‘Dan terlaksananya wasiat berbuat baik kepada tetangga dengan menyampaikan beberapa bentuk perbuatan baik kepadanya sesuai dengan kemampuan. Seperti hadiah, salam, wajah yang berseri-seri ketika bertemu, memperhatikan keadaannya, membantunya dalam hal yang ia butuhkan dan selainnya, serta menahan sesuatu yang bisa mengganggunya dengan berbagai macam cara, baik secara hissiyyah (terlihat) atau maknawi (tidak terlihat).’” (Fathul Baari: X/456).
Kata tetangga mencangkup tetangga yang muslim dan juga yang kafir, ahli ibadah dan orang fasik, teman dan lawan, orang asing dan penduduk asli, yang memberi manfaat dan yang memberi mudharat, kerabat dekat dan bukan kerabat dekat, rumah yang paling dekat dan paling jauh. Demikian yang dikatakan oleh Ibnu Hajar rahimahullahu dalam al-Fath (X/456).
Bangunan Rumah Kita Jangan Mengganggu Tetangga
Usahakan semaksimal mungkin untuk tidak menghalangi mereka mendapatkan sinar matahari atau udara. Kita juga tidak boleh melampaui batas tanah milik tetangga kita, baik dengan merusak ataupun mengubah, karena hal tersebut dapat menyakiti perasaannya.
Dan termasuk hak-hak bertetangga adalah tidak menghalangi tetangga untuk menancapkan kayu atau meletakkannya di atas dinding untuk membangun kamar atau semisalnya. Sebagaimana telah dijelaskan oleh Rasul kita shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam yang diriwayatkan oleh Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu,
لاَ يَمْنَعْ أَحَدُكُمْ جَارَهُ أَنْ يَغْرِزَ خَشَبَةً فِى جِدَارِهِ
Artinya: “Janganlah salah seorang di antara kalian melarang tetangganya menancapkan kayu di dinding (tembok)nya” (HR.Bukhari (no.1609); Muslim (no.2463); dan lafazh hadits ini menurut riwayat beliau; Ahmad (no.7236); at-Tirmidzi (no.1353); Abu Dawud (no.3634); Ibnu Majah (no.2335); dan Malik (no.1462)).
Akan tetapi, diperbolehkannya menyandarkan kayu ke dinding tetangga dengan beberapa syarat,
pertama, tidak merusak atau merobohkan dinding tembok;
kedua, dia sangat membutuhkan untuk meletakkan kayu itu di dinding tetangganya;
ketiga, tidak ada cara lain yang memungkinkan untuk membangun selain menyandarkan kepada tembok tetangga.
Apabila salah satu atau sebagian dari ketentuan di atas tidak dipenuhi maka tetangga tidak boleh memanfaatkan bangunan dan menyandarkannya kepada tembok tetangganya karena akan menimbulkan mudharat yang telah terlarang secara syari’at, “Tidak boleh memberi bahaya dan membahayakan orang lain” (HR. Ibnu Majah (no.2340); dan Syaikh Al-Albani menshahihkannya (no.1910,1911)).
Memelihara Hak-hak Tetangga, Terutama Tetangga yang Paling Dekat
Diantara hak tetangga yang harus kita pelihara adalah menjaga harta dan kehormatan mereka dari tangan orang jahat baik saat mereka tidak di rumah maupun di rumah, memberi bantuan kepada mereka yang membutuhkan, serta memalingkan mata dari keluarga mereka yang wanita dan merahasiakan aib mereka.
Adapun tetangga paling dekat memiliki hak-hak yang tidak dimiliki oleh tetangga jauh. Hal ini dikutip dari pertanyaan ibunda ‘Aisyah radhiyallahu ‘anha, ia berkata, “Aku bertanya, ‘Wahai Rasulullah, aku memiliki dua tetangga, manakah yang aku beri hadiah?’ Nabi menjawab,
إِلَى أَقْرَبِهِمَا مِنْكَ باَباً
‘Yang pintunya paling dekat dengan rumahmu’” (HR. Bukhari (no.6020); Ahmad (no.24895); dan Abu Dawud (no.5155)).
Ketika Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam memerintahkan hal tersebut, diketahui bahwa hak tetangga yang paling dekat lebih didahulukan daripada hak tetangga yang jauh. Diantara hikmahnya adalah tetangga dekatlah yang melihat hadiah tersebut atau apa saja yang ada di dalam rumahnya, dan bisa jadi menginginkannya. Lain halnya dengan tetangga jauh. Selain itu, sesungguhnya tetangga yang dekat lebih cepat memberi pertolongan ketika terjadi perkara-perkara penting, terlebih lagi pada waktu-waktu lalai. Demikian penjelasan Al Hafizh dalam Fathul Baari (X/361).
Tidak Mengganggu Tetangga
Seperti mengeraskan suara radio atau TV, melempari halaman mereka dengan kotoran, atau menutupi jalan bagi mereka. Seorang mukmin tidak dihalalkan mengganggu tetangganya dengan berbagai macam gangguan.
Dalam hadits Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu disebutkan adanya larangan dan sikap tegas bagi seseorang yang mengganggu tetangganya. Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alahi wassalam menggandengkan antara iman kepada Allah dan hari Akhir, menunjukkan besarnya bahaya mengganggu tetangga. Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu berkata, “Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda,
مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يُؤْذِ جَارَهُ
Artinya: “Barangsiapa yang beriman kepada Allah dan hari Akhir maka janganlah dia mengganggu tetangganya’”(HR. Bukhari (no.1609); Muslim (no.2463); dan lafazh hadits ini menurut riwayat beliau, Ahmad (no.7236); at-Tirmidzi (no.1353); Abu Dawud (no.3634); Ibnu Majah (no.2335); dan Malik (no.1462)).
Dan dalam Hadits lainnya, Abu Syuraih radhiyallahu ‘anhu meriwayatkan bahwa Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda,
وَاللَّه لَا يُؤْمِنُ وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ وَاللَّهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ قِيلَ وَمَنْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الَّذِي لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَايِقَهُ
Artinya: “Demi Allah, tidak beriman. Demi Allah, tidak beriman. Demi Allah, tidak beriman. “Sahabat bertanya, “Siapa wahai Rasulullah?” Beliau menjawab, “Yang tetangganya tidak aman dari keburukannya” (HR. Bukhari (no.6016)).
Dalam riwayat Abu Hurairah disebutkan bahwa shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda:
لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ مَنْ لَا يَأْمَنُ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَهُ
Artinya: “Tidak masuk surga orang yang tetangganya tidak aman dari keburukannya” (HR. Muslim (no.46); Ahmad (no.8638); Al Bukhari (no.7818)).
Jangan Kikir untuk Memberikan Nasehat dan Saran kepada Mereka
Sudah seharusnya kita mengajak mereka agar berbuat yang ma’ruf dan mencegah yang mungkar dengan bijaksana (hikmah) dan nasehat baik, tanpa maksud menjatuhkan atau menjelek-jelekan mereka. Disebutkan dalam hadits yang diriwayatkan dari Tamim bin Aus Ad Dari radhiyallahu ‘anhu bahwa Nabi shallallahu ‘alahi wassallam bersabda, “Agama itu nasehat.” Kami (para shahabat) bertanya, “Untuk siapa wahai Rasulullah?” Beliau menjawab,
لِلَّهِ وَلِكِتَابِهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلأَئِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَامَّتِهِمْ
Artinya: “Untuk Allah, Kitab-Nya, rasul-Nya, para pemimpin kaum muslimin dan seluruh kaum muslimin” (HR. Muslim (no.55); Ahmad (no.16493); an-Nasa’I (no.4197); dan Abu Dawud (no.4944)).
Dan nasehat untuk seluruh kaum muslimin adalah termasuk tetangga kita. Tujuannya untuk memberikan kebaikan kepada mereka, termasuk mengajarkan dan memeperkenalkan kepada mereka perkara yang wajib, serta menunjukkan mereka kepada al-haq (kebenaran). Hal ini dijelaskan dalam Kasyful Musykil mim Hadits ash-Shahihain karya Ibnul Jauzi (IV/219).
Memberikan Makanan kepada Tetangga
Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alahi wassalam bersabda kepada Abu Dzar radhiyallahu ‘anhu,
يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِذَا طَبَخْتَ مَرَقَةً فَأَكْثِرْ مَاءَهَا وَتَعَاهَدْ جِيرَانَكَ
Artinya: “Wahai Abu Dzar, apabila kamu memasak sayur (daging kuah) maka perbanyaklah airnya dan berilah tetanggamu” (HR. Muslim). Adapun tetangga yang pintunya lebih dekat dari rumah kita agar lebih didahulukan untuk diberi.
Bergembira ketika Mereka Bergembira dan Berduka ketika Mereka Berduka
Kita jenguk tetangga kita apabila ia sedang sakit, kita tanyakan kehadirannya apabila ia tidak ada, bersikap baik apabila kita menjumpainya, dan hendaknya sesekali kita undang mereka untuk datang ke rumah kita. Hal-hal seperti itu mudah membuat hati mereka luluh dan akan menimbulkan rasa kasih sayang kepada kita. Karena sebaik-baik manusia adalah yang akhlaknya paling baik. Hal ini berdasarkan sabda Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam dan beliaulah manusia yang memiliki akhlak paling terpuji, “Sebaik-baik kalian adalah yang paling baik akhlaknya” (HR. Bukhari (no.6035); Ahmad (no.6468); dan at-Tirmidzi (no.1975)).
Tidak Mencari-cari Kesalahan Tetangga
Hendaknya kita tidak mencari-cari kesalahan tetangga kita. Jangan pula bahagia apabila mereka keliru, bahkan seharusnya kita tidak memandang kekeliruan dan kealpaan mereka.
Sabar Atas Perilaku Kurang Baik Mereka
Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda (yang artinya): “Ada tiga kelompok manusia yang dicintai Allah, … Disebutkan diantaranya: “Seseorang yang mempunyai tetangga, ia selalu disakiti (diganggu) oleh tetangganya, namun ia sabar atas gangguannya itu hingga keduanya dipisah boleh kematian atau keberangkatannya” (HR. Ahmad dan dishahihkan oleh Al-Albani).
Ketika kita berinteraksi dengan manusia, pasti ada suatu kekurangan atau perlakuan yang kurang baik dari sebagian mereka kepada sebagian yang lainnya, baik dengan perkataan maupun perbuatan. Maka orang yang terzhalimi disunnahkan menahan marah dan memaafkan orang yang menzhaliminya. Allah Ta’ala berfirman,
وَالَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ
Artinya: “Dan (bagi) orang-orang yang menjauhi dosa-dosa besar dan perbuatan-perbuatan keji, dan apabila mereka marah mereka memberi maaf” (QS. Asy-Syuura: 37).
Dan juga Allah Ta’ala berfirman,
وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
Artinya:“Dan orang-orang yang menahan amarahnya dan memaafkan (kesalahan) orang lain. Allah menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kebaikan” (QS. Ali ‘Imran:134).
Firman Allah “Dan orang-orang yang menahan amarahnya” yaitu apabila mereka diganggu oleh orang lain sehingga mereka marah dan hati mereka penuh dengan kekesalan yang mengharuskan mereka membalasnya dengan perkataan dan perbuatan, akan tetapi mereka tidak mengamalkan konsekuensi tabi’at manusia tersebut (tidak membalasnya). Bahkan mereka menahan amarah lalu bersabar dan tidak membalas orang yang berbuat jahat kepadanya. Wallahu musta’an
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Penyusun: Ambarwati D. Rutiana
Muraja’ah: Ustadz Ammi Nur Baits
Maroji’:
1. Terjemahan Kitaabul Adab, karya Fuad bin Abdil Aziz asy-Syalhub
2. Terjemahan Adab al-Muslim fil Yaum wal Lailah, penyusun Departemen Ilmiah Darul Wathan
Sumber:duniasantri26.blogspot.com
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