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Ginjal merupakan satu dari 3 organ vital manusia selain jantung, otak dan hati yang saling terkait fungsinya. Letaknya yang di sisi belakang atas di bawah tulang rusuk membuat keluhan tubuh di sekitar posisi ini sering dikaitkan dengan gangguan ginjal, walaupun tidak sepenuhnya benar sebelum ada diagnosa medis yang akurat.
Dianggap sebagai organ vital tubuh karena ginjal berfungsi membuat metabolisme tubuh berjalan dengan normal dengan cara mengatur kadar garam dan mineral, kemudian berperan penting dalam mengatur tekanan darah dan yang berujung pada menjaga agar otot jantung bekerja dengan baik hasil dari senyawa kimia yang dihasilkannya.
Gangguan kesehatan ginjal biasanya ditandai dengan metabolisme tubuh yang tidak normal yang membuat muntah, lemas, sesak napas, dan jika dalam stadium lanjut, terjadi pergelangan kaki bengkak. Gangguan ini jika tidak cepat ditangani berisiko fatal menimbulkan kematian akibat organ lain penyokong kehidupan juga terganggu.
Mengenal Penyakit Ginjal Akut, Gejala, Penyebab dan Diagnosanya
Penyakit Ginjal
Ginjal yang rusak berakibat berhenti berfungsi. Kondisi ini tidak datang tiba-tiba, namun sudah disertai dengan gejala sejak lama yang harus anda pahami. Jika sudah berhenti berfungsi dinamakan penyakit ginjal akut dengan gejala sebagai berikut: adalah kondisi ginjal yang secara tiba-tiba berhenti berfungsi. Jika kondisi ini tidak segera ditangani
Rasa mual dan ingin muntah salah satunya akibat dehidrasi
Nyeri perut tapi bukan diare dan biasanya menyebar ke pinggang belakang
Penderita tekanan darah tinggi berisiko kondisi ini, biasanya ditandai dengan sering merasa kebingungan
Tubuh bengkak akibat penimbunan cairan yang tidak bisa dicerna dengan baik
Secara medis gejala penyakit ginjal ini sangat cepat sehingga perlu diwaspadai diantaranya adalah sering buang air kecil, rasa nyeri saat buang air kecil dan biasanya urin berbau dan nyeri punggung. Jika gejala disertai dengan infeksi dan diare maka akan diikuti demam atau terasa menggigil sehingga merasa kehilangan nafsu makan.
Orang dengan Risiko Tinggi Menderita Penyakit Ginjal Akut
Orang-Orang yang Berpotensi untuk Terkena Penyakit Ginjal
Bagi anda yang mengalami kondisi kesehatan seperti berikut ini perlu waspada karena termasuk risiko tinggi menderita penyakit ginjal akut.
Usia lanjut > 65 tahun dengan riwayat penyakit kronis lain (jantung, ginjal, hati, diabetes)
Sering minum obat-obatan tertentu, jamu atau yang lainnya.
Punya riwayat gangguan kesehatan pada saluran kencing.
Penyakit ginjal memang lebih berisiko pada orang dengan kondisi kesehatan di atas, namun ternyata gaya hidup saat ini yang tidak sehat justru jadi pemicu yang tidak disadari dan membuat orang umum juga berisiko terkena penyakit ini. Beberapa kondisi tidak sehat yang sering tidak disadari mengganggu kesehatan ginjal diantaranya adalah konsumsi minuman jamu atau minuman penyegar yang banyak dijual dan diiklankan di media secara berlebih. Beberapa minuman atau mungkin juga makanan yang banyak beredar di atas mengandung bahan yang tidak sehat/berbahaya bagi ginjal jika dikonsumsi berlebih. Rasa nikmat yang ditawarkan serta gencarnya promosi media banyak membuat orang tak sadar dan baru menyesal setelah terkena sakit ginjal kondisi akut.
Penyebab Umum Penyakit Ginjal Akut
Penyebab Penyakit Ginjal Akut
Ginjal sebagai organ vital yang terkait dengan fungsinya untuk menyaring darah dan membuang racun seringkali mengalami gangguan penyakit ginjal akut akibat beberapa hal ini :
Pernah atau sering mengalami perdarahan, diare, atau muntah dan menyebabkan dehidrasi
Kelainan pembuluh darah misalnya saja mengalami inflamasi yang membuat pembuluh darah utama terganggu fungsinya untuk mengalirkan darah ke ginjal
Gangguan kesehatan radang dinding pembuluh darah yang membuat darah tidak bisa mengalir ke ginjal
Gagal jantung atau hati yang membuat volume darah ke ginjal berkurang
Efek samping obat-obatan yang dikonsumsi dalam jangka panjang
Bingung cari asuransi kesehatan terbaik dan termurah? Cermati punya solusinya!
Diagnosa Penyakit Ginjal Akut
Diagnosa Penyakit Ginjal
Diagnosa Penyakit GinjalGejala penyakit ginjal akut di atas baru bisa dipastikan melalui diagnosa medis oleh dokter dengan melakukan tes urin dan tes darah. Hasil diagnosa akan di cek dengan beberapa langkah berikut ini:
Kadar kreatinin (produk limbah kimia yang dihasilkan oleh otot-otot tubuh) di dalam darah normal atau berlebih
Ginjal normal akan membuang racun tubuh sehingga kadarnya rendah
Cek riwayat kesehatan penderita untuk mengetahui penyebab dan pengobatan yang cocok
Jika kondisi penyakit ginjal belum parah, beberapa langkah berikut ini biasanya akan diresepkan oleh dokter:
Jika penyebabnya infeksi maka dokter akan meresepkan obat untuk mengobati infeksi tersebut
Banyak minum cairan untuk menghindari dehidrasi
Stop konsumsi obat yang punya efek samping terhadap ginjal
Jika kondisi penyakit ginjal lebih spesifik maka biasanya penderita akan di rujuk ke dokter spesialis ginjal (nefrologi) atau dokter spesialis urologi dan butuh rawat inap manakala kondisi pasien sebagai berikut:
Ada komplikasi penyakit prostat yang membuat pasien susah buang air kecil
Penderita dalam kondisi gawat darurat sehingga butuh tes medis lanjutan untuk mengawasi fungsi ginjal
Ada potensi risiko komplikasi penyakit dalam yang lainnya
Komplikasi Penyakit Ginjal Akut, Pencegahan dan Pengobatannya
Kompilasi Penyakit Ginjal Akut
Karena fungsi ginjal terkait dengan organ vital lain maka punya risiko kemungkinan komplikasi penyakit lain seperti:
Gagal ginjal kronis yang menyebabkan ginjal rusak total
Edema paru yang fatal akibat cairan di dalam paru-paru.
Asidosis metabolik akibat keasaman darah berlebih dengan gejala mual dan sulit bernapas sehingga otot menjadi lemah, lumpuh, dan gagal jantung.
Gagal Ginjal Kronis karena gejalanya mirip dengan sakit biasa menyebabkan banyak orang tidak sadar dan baru berobat saat sudah stadium lanjut. Kondisi kesehatan seseorang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami gagal ginjal kronis, jika kondisi berikut ini:
Penderita hipertensi dan diabetes.
Riwayat keluarga pengidap gagal ginjal kronis.
Penderita inflamasi dan infeksi pada ginjal, gangguan ginjal polikistik, batu ginjal atau gangguan prostat, kelainan bawaan saat masih dalam kandungan.
Penyakit ginjal polikistik disebabkan oleh satu atau beberapa gen yang cacat di dalam tubuh. Penyakit ini kemudian diturunkan dalam satu keluarga sehingga cacat genetika sudah ada sejak lahir. Cacat genetika bisa berasal dari salah satu atau kedua orang tua.
Ginjal polikistik merupakan penyakit turunan, maka untuk menentukan diagnosis dokter akan menanyakan riwayat kesehatan keluarga Anda. Selain itu dokter juga akan meminta Anda lakukan tes darah dan tes urin. Untuk mengetahui ukuran dan jumlah kista ginjal yang dimiliki seseorang, terdapat beberapa tes yang akan disarankan oleh dokter, seperti USG, CT scan, dan MRI.
Pengobatan Gagal Ginjal Kronis
Pengobatan Gagal Ginjal
Jika diagnosa penderita dinyatakan menderita gagal ginjal kronis maka perlu pengobatan medis sesuai dengan tingkat dan risiko penderita seperti berikut ini:
Obat untuk mengurangi gejala dan mencegah kondisi lebih serius
Belum ada obat untuk sakit gagal ginjal kronis
Cuci darah seminggu 2x merupakan pengobatan agar pasien bertahan hidup
Khusus penyakit ginjal polikistik karena merupakan faktor keturunan maka perlu di cek riwayat penderita. Bagi yang awalnya punya sakit hipertensi, maka obat biasanya diarahkan untuk menetralkan tekanan darah, mengurangi rasa sakit (sakit kepala, punggung) dan jika punya riwayat saluran kemih dan saat ini kambuh maka antibiotik banyak diresepkan untuk infeksi saluran kemih tersebut. Diet tidak konsumsi garam berlebih baik untuk dilakukan untuk kondisi penderita yang punya gen bawaan penyakit ginjal.
Pencegahan Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Kronis:
Seperti penyakit dalam lainnya, gagal ginjal kronis terjadi akibat pola makan dan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat. Untuk mencegah penyakit ini beberapa kebiasaan buruk juga harus dihindari seperti merokok dan alkohol, lakukan olahraga teratur, hindari konsumsi obat-obatan bebas. Lebih hati-hati bagi yang punya riwayat penyakit dalam lainnya seperti penyakit diabetes, infeksi saluran kencing.
Beberapa makanan yang bagus untuk ginjal adalah makanan yang kaya akan mineral dan vitamin, tidak berlemak atau terlalu asin, banyak biji-bijian, sayur, dan buah. Karena fungsi ginjal erat kaitannya dengan cairan maka Anda harus cukup minum air mineral setiap hari setidaknya 8 gelas per hari. Cara mudah cek konsumsi air cukup atau tidak adalah dengan memperhatikan warna urin Anda. Warna urin harus jernih, jika coklat tua, atau kekuningan artinya kurang cairan.
Hindari konsumsi alkohol dan rokok karena keduanya jadi pemicu hipertensi yang jadi salah satu penyebab penyakit ginjal. Olah raga kardio seperti bersepeda, berenang, atau berlari guna sangat efektif untuk menjaga ginjal tetap sehat selain berfungsi untuk mendapatkan berat badan yang ideal.
Sumber :resepmasakanindonesiaku.info
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