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Lima orang anak buah kapal (ABK) Indonesia yang bekerja di kapal China Long Xing 629 bercerita kepada BBC News Indonesia mengenai pengalaman mereka bekerja di kapal itu. Mereka dan sembilan ABK lainnya, yang kini berada di Busan, Korea Selatan, dijadwalkan untuk kembali pulang ke Indonesia, Jumat (8/5/2020). Menteri Luar Negeri Retno Marsudi sebelumnya mengumumkan bahwa empat dari ABK yang bekerja di kapal itu meninggal dunia. Baca juga: Viral Video Jenazah ABK asal Indonesia di Kapal China Dilarung ke Laut Tiga dikuburkan di laut (dilarung), sedangkan satu orang meninggal dunia di satu fasilitas kesehatan di Busan. Pemerintah Indonesia meminta Pemerintah China menyelidiki kasus ini dan meminta perusahaan kapal itu bertanggung jawab. Kasus ini juga tengah diselidiki aparat keamanan di Korea Selatan. Inilah kisah yang dituturkan lima ABK dari Busan. "Tidur hanya tiga jam" Salah satu ABK Indonesia itu, BR, mengatakan, ia tidak mampu bekerja di atas kapal ikan berbendera China itu karena jam kerjanya yang di luar batas. "Bekerja terus, buat makan (hanya dapat waktu) sekitar 10 menit dan 15 menit. Kami bekerja mulai jam 11 siang sampai jam 4 dan 5 pagi," ujarnya dalam wawancara melalui video online, Kamis (7/5/2020). "Setiap hari begitu." Rekannya, MY (20), mengatakan hal serupa.
Pria lulusan SMK di Kepulauan Natuna, Riau ini, acap kali "hanya tidur tiga jam". Sisanya membanting tulang mencari ikan. "Kalau kita ngeburu kerjaan (mencari ikan), kadang kita tidur cuma tiga jam," ungkapnya. Mereka mengatakan, kapten kapal mengharuskan kepada ABK Indonesia mencapai "target" ikan dalam jumlah tertentu setiap harinya. "Mau protes, susah sekali, kita di tengah laut," kata BR. Sejumlah ABK mengatakan, kontrak kerjanya tidak mengatur soal jam kerja. RV (27) asal Ambon, Maluku, adalah salah satunya. "Tidak tertulis soal jam kerja, jadi baru diatur oleh kapten kapal saat di laut," ujar RV. Namun, ada juga ABK Indonesia, yang diberangkatkan agen lain, yang jam kerjanya diatur dalam kontrak. Beberapa sempat menanyakan soal jam kerja, tetapi tidak berlanjut karena mengaku "takut dipulangkan". Meski bekerja membanting tulang, sejumlah ABK itu mengaku gaji mereka belum dibayar.
"Makan umpan ikan, minum sulingan air laut" Tidak hanya masalah jam kerja yang di luar batas, NA (20), anak buah kapal Long Xin 629 asal Makassar, Sulsel, mengaku "dianaktirikan" soal makan dan minum. Menurut dia, ABK yang non- Indonesia mendapat jatah makanan yang "lebih bergizi" ketimbang mereka. "Kita dibedain dengan orang dia." Di dalam kapal penangkap ikan itu, awalnya ada 20 ABK WNI dan sekitar enam orang adalah ABK asal China. "Air minumnya, kalau dia minum air mineral, kalau kami minum air sulingan dari air laut," ungkap NA. "Kalau makanan, mereka makan yang segar-segar...," kata NA. KR (19), asal Manado, menambahkan, "Mereka makan enak-enak, kalau kami sering kali makan ikan yang biasanya buat umpan itu."
"Melepaskan jenazah" Pengalaman pahit yang sulit mereka lupakan adalah ketika harus melarung empat jenazah rekannya ke lautan lepas. Upaya mereka agar jenazah "disimpan" di ruang berpendingin, dan kelak dikubur "secara layak" di daratan, ditolak kapten kapal. Mereka berulang-ulang meminta kepada kapten kapal agar jenazah rekannya itu dikubur saat kapal berlabuh. "Kami sudah ngotot, tapi kami tidak bisa memaksa, wewenang dari dia [kapten kapal] semua," kata NA. "Mereka beralasan, kalau mayat dibawa ke daratan, semua negara akan menolaknya," ujar NA menirukan jawaban kapten kapal.
Dihadapkan kenyataan pahit seperti itu, NA dan rekan-rekannya yang beragama Islam akhirnya hanya bisa memandikan dan menshalati jenazah rekan-rekannya. "Kami mandikan, shalati dan baru 'dibuang'," ungkapnya. MY mengatakan, hal itu melanggar kontrak ABK karena di perjanjian awal "(jenazah) ABK bisa dipulangkan."
Minta pemerintah gugat RV, BR, KR, MY, dan NA sepakat bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia harus melakukan gugatan hukum kepada pemilik kapal asing. "Agar kejadian ini tidak terulang lagi," ujar mereka. Sementara itu, MY dan NA berharap pengalaman buruk mereka di atas kapal Long Xin 629 tidak dialami warga Indonesia yang tertarik untuk "melaut". Untuk itulah, mereka mengharapkan agar perusahaan yang mengirimkan calon ABK agar lebih memperhatikan soal hak-hak mereka sebagai ABK. "Kita kan sudah ada perjanjian, dan ada pelanggaran kayak gini. Kita maunya perusahaan (yang mengirimkan mereka) bersikap lebih tegas," kata MY.
"ABK, pekerjaan berisiko tinggi" Koordinator ILO Asia Tenggara untuk Proyek Perikanan, Abdul Hakim, mengatakan, para pekerja berhak tahu rincian pekerjaan mereka, seperti jam kerja, dalam kontrak awal.
"Itu pelanggaran," kata Abdul menanggapi pengakuan sejumlah ABK Indonesia yang mengaku kontrak kerjanya tak keterangan itu. Ia mengatakan, seharusnya jam kerja hingga hak-hak pekerja untuk beristirahat dicantumkan dalam kontrak kerja. Konvensi ILO No 188 Tahun 2007 mengenai Pekerjaan dalam Penangkapan Ikan, kata Abdul, mengatur ABK berhak beristirahat selama 10 jam sehari pada kapal yang tetap di laut selama tiga hari.
"Problemnya (dalam kasus ini) ada di soal kelelahan, keletihan, dan tidak terjaminnya masa istirahat," ujar Abdul. Sementara itu, Menteri Luar Negeri Retno Marsudi mengatakan, ABK di kapal ikan termasuk pekerjaan yang berisiko tinggi. Ia mengatakan, masalah seperti ini harus diselesaikan dari hulu. "(Pemerintah) mendorong pengawasan lebih ketat terhadap penyusunan perjanjian kerja laut antara awak kapal dengan pihak pemilik kapal sehingga tidak ada klausul yang merugikan hak-hak awak kapal," ujar Retno. "Mendorong penegakan hukum terhadap pihak yang memberangkatkan awak kapal tanpa melalui prosedur. Pelaksanaan hukuman perlu dikedepankan berdasarkan UU 21/2007 tentang tindak pidana perdagangan orang." Retno mengatakan dalam konferensi pers secara daring (7/5/2020) bahwa pihaknya telah mengadakan komunikasi dengan Dubes China terkait kasus itu.
Salah satu yang dituntutnya adalah tanggung jawab dari perusahaan China yang mempekerjakan para ABK. "Meminta dukungan Pemerintah Tiongkok untuk membantu pemenuhan tanggung jawab perusahaan atas hak para awak kapal Indonesia, termasuk pembayaran gaji yang belum dibayarkan dan kondisi kerja yang aman," ujarnya. Retno mengatakan, Pemerintah China mengklaim, mereka akan memastikan agar perusahaan kapal China itu bertanggung jawab untuk mematuhi hukum yang berlaku dan kontrak yang sudah disepakati. Namun, Retno mengatakan, pelarungan jenazah ABK Indonesia sudah sesuai dengan standar yang diterapkan ILO.
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